Eisensapper Eisensapper:
Did the insulation played a part in raising the temperature to levels enough to weaken the steel?
As I mentioned before, it was the floor system that failed first, causing the collapse. The temperature due to the fires was the cause, but it wasn't most significantly through "weakening" the material properties of the columns.
The floor system was concrete overtop corrugated steel - as the steel expanded in the heat, the entire floor systems expanded and failed, leaving the vertical columns without lateral support.
If the floor support failed at only one level, that means the column is now unsupported over twice the length, and that will cause it to buckle at
1/4 the load it would have sustained otherwise. Loss of support in three consecutive levels would reduce the column to
1/16th its strength. With multiple floors suffering loss of lateral support, the columns would be unable to sustain the loads that were required.
On top of that, any deformation of the column away from being perfectly vertical and straight will also significantly affect its capacity. If the floors' expansions cause the columns to bend out of line, they'll buckle at a lower load.
That's all before considering the effects of the extreme temperature on the material strength of the steel columns themselves.
(I'd also like to point out in regard to the 'rep' I received today that it wasn't hurley_108 that I 'eviscerated' in this thread - he actually argued the same thing)